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I … you later, OK
call
‘ll call
She showed me the article which her brother ….foot
translated;
has translated.
translates;
had translated;
Before you start choosing a perfect career, you need to know yourself first. But sometimes all this self-analysis leads to ….. .
nowhere
everywhere
I … to the news on television at nine o’clock last night
had been listening
listened
have been listening
was listening
WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (7).
benefits
advantages
concerns
prospects
WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (4).
in average
on average
to average
by average
We are late. The film … by the time we get to the cinema.
will already have started
will already start
will be already started
WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (1).
available
handy
ready
convenient
HUMAN RIGHTS DAY On 10 December 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which has become a (1) … standard for defending and promoting human rights. Every year on 10 December, Human Rights Day marks the adoption of the Universal Declaration which states that «Human beings are born with (2) … rights and fundamental freedoms». In 2006, Human Rightstailan Day focused on (3) … poverty as a matter of obligation, not of charity. Poverty is (4) … by human rights violations. The links between human rights and poverty should be obvious: people whose rights are (5) … are more likely to be poor. Generally they find it harder or impossible to participate in the labour market and have little or no access to (6) … services and resources. Meanwhile, the poor in many societies cannot enjoy their rights to education, health and housing simply (7) … they cannot afford them. And poverty affects all human rights: for example, low income can prevent people from accessing education, which in turn inhibits their participation in public life and their ability to influence the policies affecting them. Governments and those in a position of authority must (8) … responsibility for dealing with poverty. The realisation of human rights — including the fight against poverty — is a duty, not a mere aspiration.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (1).
universal
typical
whole
complete

WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (5).
added to
compared to
matched to
contrasted to
Read the texts and match them with the headings. There is one extra title.
«I don’t know how you stay at home all day… I would be bored out of my mind», was a comment I often heard when I stayed at home. Was I bored Never I mastered the housework so that I wasn’t a slave to it. Obviously, there was the cleaning to be done regularly but it was the sharing of the tidying up that made the difference. My family learnt to tidy up after themselves and if there was a bit of accumulated dust it would wait until the end of the week when a day was set aside for a thorough cleaning. I established a routine for the necessary chores that had to be done daily, but if they weren’t completed by lunchtime, they were left until the next day. That way I had time to pursue my own interests and to spend time with the children as well.
NEVER BORED
EXHAUSTING FOR ALL
MONEY OR TIME
THE PERFECT JOB
WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (8).
sadly
wrongly
badly
deeply
The Irish Travellers are the largest minority in Ireland. There are about 25,000 Irish Travellers in Ireland and 1,300 in Northern Ireland. They are a little understood nomadic community, who have many difficulties to overcome if they are to survive as a culture and gain acceptance into Irish society. Among the challenges facing them are poverty and racism. The Irish Travellers are a distinct ethnic group which has existed for centuries. Often they are mistakenly considered part of the nomadic Romani, an ethnic group which originated in the region of India and is now widespread throughout Europe. But the Irish Travellers are indigenous to Ireland, so the two cultures are not related. While both are nomadic, the Irish Travellers are Roman Catholic and speak a language that is theirs alone. They have their own culture, customs, traditions, and language. They are noted for their musical and storytelling abilities. In times past, they travelled by horse-drawn wagon in caravans, making camp along the way. Tinsmithing, horse trading and peddling were the major sources of income in those days. Tinsmiths were so prevalent among Irish Travellers that the terms Tinker and Irish Traveller were used interchangeably. Today, Tinker is one of many names for Irish Travellers. Horses and wagons have given way to mobile homes pulled by motor vehicles. They continue their life on the road, but there are fewer places to stop and fewer places where they are welcome. Today, Irish Travellers mainly work in re¬cycling. Changing needs of society and progress have eliminated the jobs that could support a culture on wheels. Irish Travellers are poor, undereducated, and on the receiving end of discrimination. Their life expectancy is lower than average while their infant mortality rate is higher than average. As is the case with the Romani, the Irish Travellers are seen by many as a group of immoral, ignorant criminals and con artists. People distrust their nomadic culture and their language, Shelta. Many think it’s a secret language specifically developed as a tool to help the Irish Travellers trick innocent people. But this is not true. It is an old language, which has evolved with time and circumstances. Once heavily infused with Irish Gaelic, it is now infused with English.
They were called Tinkers, which is now … for them.
terms
a title
a name
The Irish Travellers are the largest minority in Ireland. There are about 25,000 Irish Travellers in Ireland and 1,300 in Northern Ireland. They are a little understood nomadic community, who have many difficulties to overcome if they are to survive as a culture and gain acceptance into Irish society. Among the challenges facing them are poverty and racism. The Irish Travellers are a distinct ethnic group which has existed for centuries. Often they are mistakenly considered part of the nomadic Romani, an ethnic group which originated in the region of India and is now widespread throughout Europe. But the Irish Travellers are indigenous to Ireland, so the two cultures are not related. While both are nomadic, the Irish Travellers are Roman Catholic and speak a language that is theirs alone. They have their own culture, customs, traditions, and language. They are noted for their musical and storytelling abilities. In times past, they travelled by horse-drawn wagon in caravans, making camp along the way. Tinsmithing, horse trading and peddling were the major sources of income in those days. Tinsmiths were so prevalent among Irish Travellers that the terms Tinker and Irish Traveller were used interchangeably. Today, Tinker is one of many names for Irish Travellers. Horses and wagons have given way to mobile homes pulled by motor vehicles. They continue their life on the road, but there are fewer places to stop and fewer places where they are welcome. Today, Irish Travellers mainly work in re¬cycling. Changing needs of society and progress have eliminated the jobs that could support a culture on wheels. Irish Travellers are poor, undereducated, and on the receiving end of discrimination. Their life expectancy is lower than average while their infant mortality rate is higher than average. As is the case with the Romani, the Irish Travellers are seen by many as a group of immoral, ignorant criminals and con artists. People distrust their nomadic culture and their language, Shelta. Many think it’s a secret language specifically developed as a tool to help the Irish Travellers trick innocent people. But this is not true. It is an old language, which has evolved with time and circumstances. Once heavily infused with Irish Gaelic, it is now infused with English.
Although both groups are nomadic, their cultures ….
are not related
are not the same
indigenous
The Irish Travellers are the largest minority in Ireland. There are about 25,000 Irish Travellers in Ireland and 1,300 in Northern Ireland. They are a little understood nomadic community, who have many difficulties to overcome if they are to survive as a culture and gain acceptance into Irish society. Among the challenges facing them are poverty and racism. The Irish Travellers are a distinct ethnic group which has existed for centuries. Often they are mistakenly considered part of the nomadic Romani, an ethnic group which originated in the region of India and is now widespread throughout Europe. But the Irish Travellers are indigenous to Ireland, so the two cultures are not related. While both are nomadic, the Irish Travellers are Roman Catholic and speak a language that is theirs alone. They have their own culture, customs, traditions, and language. They are noted for their musical and storytelling abilities. In times past, they travelled by horse-drawn wagon in caravans, making camp along the way. Tinsmithing, horse trading and peddling were the major sources of income in those days. Tinsmiths were so prevalent among Irish Travellers that the terms Tinker and Irish Traveller were used interchangeably. Today, Tinker is one of many names for Irish Travellers. Horses and wagons have given way to mobile homes pulled by motor vehicles. They continue their life on the road, but there are fewer places to stop and fewer places where they are welcome. Today, Irish Travellers mainly work in re¬cycling. Changing needs of society and progress have eliminated the jobs that could support a culture on wheels. Irish Travellers are poor, undereducated, and on the receiving end of discrimination. Their life expectancy is lower than average while their infant mortality rate is higher than average. As is the case with the Romani, the Irish Travellers are seen by many as a group of immoral, ignorant criminals and con artists. People distrust their nomadic culture and their language, Shelta. Many think it’s a secret language specifically developed as a tool to help the Irish Travellers trick innocent people. But this is not true. It is an old language, which has evolved with time and circumstances. Once heavily infused with Irish Gaelic, it is now infused with English.
In the past the Irish Travellers went around by … in caravans.
foot
camels
horse-drawn wagon
The Irish Travellers are the largest minority in Ireland. There are about 25,000 Irish Travellers in Ireland and 1,300 in Northern Ireland. They are a little understood nomadic community, who have many difficulties to overcome if they are to survive as a culture and gain acceptance into Irish society. Among the challenges facing them are poverty and racism. The Irish Travellers are a distinct ethnic group which has existed for centuries. Often they are mistakenly considered part of the nomadic Romani, an ethnic group which originated in the region of India and is now widespread throughout Europe. But the Irish Travellers are indigenous to Ireland, so the two cultures are not related. While both are nomadic, the Irish Travellers are Roman Catholic and speak a language that is theirs alone. They have their own culture, customs, traditions, and language. They are noted for their musical and storytelling abilities. In times past, they travelled by horse-drawn wagon in caravans, making camp along the way. Tinsmithing, horse trading and peddling were the major sources of income in those days. Tinsmiths were so prevalent among Irish Travellers that the terms Tinker and Irish Traveller were used interchangeably. Today, Tinker is one of many names for Irish Travellers. Horses and wagons have given way to mobile homes pulled by motor vehicles. They continue their life on the road, but there are fewer places to stop and fewer places where they are welcome. Today, Irish Travellers mainly work in re¬cycling. Changing needs of society and progress have eliminated the jobs that could support a culture on wheels. Irish Travellers are poor, undereducated, and on the receiving end of discrimination. Their life expectancy is lower than average while their infant mortality rate is higher than average. As is the case with the Romani, the Irish Travellers are seen by many as a group of immoral, ignorant criminals and con artists. People distrust their nomadic culture and their language, Shelta. Many think it’s a secret language specifically developed as a tool to help the Irish Travellers trick innocent people. But this is not true. It is an old language, which has evolved with time and circumstances. Once heavily infused with Irish Gaelic, it is now infused with English.
Irish Travellers have mobile homes pulled … now.
by motor vehicles
horses
camels
Fill in the gaps in the text with the correct forms of the verbs.
I’m living in a small Hotel at the moment, but I …. to a flat next week. I’ve asked a friend of mine to share it with me.
moved
am moving
have moved
move
Fill in the gaps in the text with the correct forms of the verbs.
I’ve been working as a manager since I …. and I find It really interesting.
arrived
arrive
will arrive
arrives
WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (6).
be using
be used
have used
We … 20 new buildings this year.
had built
have built
built
Water … at 100 degrees.
will boil
will have been boiling
boils
I … when my friend …
slept, was calling
slept, called
was sleeping, called
All in all, the internet is here to stay and whether it … our life is up to us.
improved or ruined
improves or ruins
Choose true sentence according to the text. Homemaking…
Every family needs a homemaker. Whether this is the mum or dad, or part-time from both is irrelevant. In our family, we chose the traditional role for me to stay at home, but some families choose the reverse, especially if the woman has the better-paid job. We have actually experienced both since I had to work full-time when my husband was made redundant and stayed at home for a time. The days when the person staying at home to look after the house and family was thought of as being «just a housewife» have long gone, especially now that there is a role reversal and it is sometimes the man who stays home. Nowadays there is a lot of pride in being the «homemaker». It is one of the most worthwhile careers and the rewards, although not financial, are great. The family benefits from quality time from one parent all the time.
has become a worthwhile career.
prevented the family from having social life.
helped someone to pursue his/her own interests.

It … outside; I do not like to walk in such weather.
is rain
rains
is raining

I … a very difficult day tomorrow. I need to prepare for the exam.
having
will have
have
Kate has been working here …
since two years
two years ago
for two years
At 10 o’clock in the morning on Wednesday Tom … a delegation in the office.
will be receiving
is receiving
will receive
Although the sun was shining, it was still cold, because it … hard for two hours.
was raining
had rained
had been raining
Choose true sentence according to the text. Homemaking…
So, after my first baby arrived, I felt for years that I had the perfect job. I was my own boss. I could work when I wanted and have a rest when I wanted. If I didn’t feel like cleaning or doing the shopping and wanted to have a day off, that was fine. Nobody else would have to be asked to cover for me, my work could wait until I was ready to do it. Oh yes, it was hard work taking care of our home and our children and the hours were long, but the work was varied and very rewarding. In fact, being a homemaker was the perfect job for me. I was absolutely happy being a housewife and mum. Watching my children thrive, witnessing their first steps, hearing their first words and all the other milestones were worth more than any amount of money.
is beneficial for the family.
is hard work with long hours.
made for a financially difficult period.

Choose true sentence according to the text. Homemaking…
So, after my first baby arrived, I felt for years that I had the perfect job. I was my own boss. I could work when I wanted and have a rest when I wanted. If I didn’t feel like cleaning or doing the shopping and wanted to have a day off, that was fine. Nobody else would have to be asked to cover for me, my work could wait until I was ready to do it. Oh yes, it was hard work taking care of our home and our children and the hours were long, but the work was varied and very rewarding. In fact, being a homemaker was the perfect job for me. I was absolutely happy being a housewife and mum. Watching my children thrive, witnessing their first steps, hearing their first words and all the other milestones were worth more than any amount of money.
made someone very happy.
was easier than combining full-time work and housework.
prevented the family from having social life.
I … for a whole hour
am waiting
was waiting
have been waiting
After they … they cleared the table.
have eaten
had eaten
eat
Fill in the gaps in the text with the correct forms of the verbs.
I’m learning Russian and l can already understand what people around me are talking about. «But I find it really difficult to speak Russian . I …. the course by the end of the year and hope I feel more confident with this language.
finished
finish
will finish
will have finished
Choose the right variant
We called our friends in London yesterday to tell them about the reunion that we ….
will plan
were planning
have planned
plan
Fill in the gaps in the text with the correct forms of the verbs.
I ….. in Novgorod for three months and I’m enjoying life here very much.
was
have been
had been
am
At the same time, remember that money is also important for you need it to survive. So, if a job is all … but no pay, things can get difficult.
satisfaction
satisfy
But if you do not enjoy what you do then you are .. … wasting a large part of your life.
foolishly
fool
A career development professional will use various tools to help you evaluate your interests, personality, … and values.
skills
skillful
He or she will then show you how all these things, combined, play a role in choosing a career. You can also learn about a career by interviewing people who are already in that profession. Once you have all the information you need, list out all the pros and cons of that particular job. Look at the various … .
alternatives
alter
The weather … hotter and hotter.
gets
has been getting
is getting
This happens because computers … to compensate for feelings of loneliness, marital and work problems, poor social life, and financial problems.
use
are used
Moreover, career choices cannot be made based on just a few criteria alone. Your job may carry great monetary …. and perks.
benefits
beneficial
I … here all my life.
have lived
have living
am living
Catherine is studying law at the university, and so …Nick.
is
were
was
does
My colleagues usually … four days a week, and tills week they … five days.
work, work
are working, work
are working, are working
I feel terrible. I think I … to be sick.
am going
go
will
WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (8).
badly
sadly
deeply
wrongly

Long ago they … most houses out of wood.
have built
build
built
At last Kate came. I … for two hours.
am waiting
have been waiting
had been waiting
I hope Kate is coming soon. I … for two hours.
have been waiting
am waiting
had been waiting
The boy sitting next to me on the plane was nervous be¬cause he … before.
did not fly
had not flown
has not flown
Every family needs a homemaker. Whether this is the mum or dad, or part-time from both is irrelevant. In our family, we chose the traditional role for me to stay at home, but some families choose the reverse, especially if the woman has the better-paid job. We have actually experienced both since I had to work full-time when my husband was made redundant and stayed at home for a time. The days when the person staying at home to look after the house and family was thought of as being «just a housewife» have long gone, especially now that there is a role reversal and it is sometimes the man who stays home. Nowadays there is a lot of pride in being the «homemaker». It is one of the most worthwhile careers and the rewards, although not financial, are great. The family benefits from quality time from one parent all the time.
A ROLE REVERSAL
NEVER BORED
THE PERFECT JOB
MONEY OR TIME
EXHAUSTING FOR ALL
WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (2).
distributed
hardest
supplied
HUMAN RIGHTS DAY On 10 December 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which has become a (1) … standard for defending and promoting human rights. Every year on 10 December, Human Rights Day marks the adoption of the Universal Declaration which states that «Human beings are born with (2) … rights and fundamental freedoms». In 2006, Human Rights Day focused on (3) … poverty as a matter of obligation, not of charity. Poverty is (4) … by human rights violations. The links between human rights and poverty should be obvious: people whose rights are (5) … are more likely to be poor. Generally they find it harder or impossible to participate in the labour market and have little or no access to (6) … services and resources. Meanwhile, the poor in many societies cannot enjoy their rights to education, health and housing simply (7) … they cannot afford them. And poverty affects all human rights: for example, low income can prevent people from accessing education, which in turn inhibits their participation in public life and their ability to influence the policies affecting them. Governments and those in a position of authority must (8) … responsibility for dealing with poverty. The realisation of human rights — including the fight against poverty — is a duty, not a mere aspiration.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (2).
identical
equal
same
similar
HUMAN RIGHTS DAY On 10 December 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which has become a (1) … standard for defending and promoting human rights. Every year on 10 December, Human Rights Day marks the adoption of the Universal Declaration which states that «Human beings are born with (2) … rights and fundamental freedoms». In 2006, Human Rights Day focused on (3) … poverty as a matter of obligation, not of charity. Poverty is (4) … by human rights violations. The links between human rights and poverty should be obvious: people whose rights are (5) … are more likely to be poor. Generally they find it harder or impossible to participate in the labour market and have little or no access to (6) … services and resources. Meanwhile, the poor in many societies cannot enjoy their rights to education, health and housing simply (7) … they cannot afford them. And poverty affects all human rights: for example, low income can prevent people from accessing education, which in turn inhibits their participation in public life and their ability to influence the policies affecting them. Governments and those in a position of authority must (8) … responsibility for dealing with poverty. The realisation of human rights — including the fight against poverty — is a duty, not a mere aspiration.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (3).
breaking
fighting
encouraging
saving
On 10 December 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which has become a (1) … standard for defending and promoting human rights. Every year on 10 December, Human Rights Day marks the adoption of the Universal Declaration which states that «Human beings are born with (2) … rights and fundamental freedoms». In 2006, Human Rights Day focused on (3) … poverty as a matter of obligation, not of charity. Poverty is (4) … by human rights violations. The links between human rights and poverty should be obvious: people whose rights are (5) … are more likely to be poor. Generally they find it harder or impossible to participate in the labour market and have little or no access to (6) … services and resources. Meanwhile, the poor in many societies cannot enjoy their rights to education, health and housing simply (7) … they cannot afford them. And poverty affects all human rights: for example, low income can prevent people from accessing education, which in turn inhibits their participation in public life and their ability to influence the policies affecting them. Governments and those in a position of authority must (8) … responsibility for dealing with poverty. The realisation of human rights — including the fight against poverty — is a duty, not a mere aspiration.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (4).
made
resulted
caused
led
Read the texts and match them with the headings. There is one extra title.
So, after my first baby arrived, I felt for years that I had the perfect job. I was my own boss. I could work when I wanted and have a rest when I wanted. If I didn’t feel like cleaning or doing the shopping and wanted to have a day off, that was fine. Nobody else would have to be asked to cover for me, my work could wait until I was ready to do it. Oh yes, it was hard work taking care of our home and our children and the hours were long, but the work was varied and very rewarding. In fact, being a homemaker was the perfect job for me. I was absolutely happy being a housewife and mum. Watching my children thrive, witnessing their first steps, hearing their first words and all the other milestones were worth more than any amount of money.
NEVER BORED  ТО
MONEY OR TIME
THE PERFECT JOB
EXHAUSTING FOR ALL
Read the texts and match them with the headings. There is one extra title.
There were financial downsides of course to staying at home. New clothes and regular hairdos were a luxury. Social outings were those which included the family, perhaps going for a walk in the countryside, or taking a picnic. Expensive meals in restaurants were way beyond our means and out of the question. After my second child my former boss asked if I would consider returning to work. The salary would have been very welcome but there was no way anyone was going to look after my children except me, until they were old enough to go to school. Money was less important to me than my family. Besides, I would still have to pay someone to care for my children.
EXHAUSTING FOR ALL
THE PERFECT JOB
MONEY OR TIME
NEVER BORED
The internet has changed people’s life dramatically. It has allowed people from all over the world … with each other and express their ideas and opinions.
communication
to communicate
The Irish Travellers are the largest minority in Ireland. There are about 25,000 Irish Travellers in Ireland and 1,300 in Northern Ireland. They are a little understood nomadic community, who have many difficulties to overcome if they are to survive as a culture and gain acceptance into Irish society. Among the challenges facing them are poverty and racism. The Irish Travellers are a distinct ethnic group which has existed for centuries. Often they are mistakenly considered part of the nomadic Romani, an ethnic group which originated in the region of India and is now widespread throughout Europe. But the Irish Travellers are indigenous to Ireland, so the two cultures are not related. While both are nomadic, the Irish Travellers are Roman Catholic and speak a language that is theirs alone. They have their own culture, customs, traditions, and language. They are noted for their musical and storytelling abilities. In times past, they travelled by horse-drawn wagon in caravans, making camp along the way. Tinsmithing, horse trading and peddling were the major sources of income in those days. Tinsmiths were so prevalent among Irish Travellers that the terms Tinker and Irish Traveller were used interchangeably. Today, Tinker is one of many names for Irish Travellers. Horses and wagons have given way to mobile homes pulled by motor vehicles. They continue their life on the road, but there are fewer places to stop and fewer places where they are welcome. Today, Irish Travellers mainly work in re¬cycling. Changing needs of society and progress have eliminated the jobs that could support a culture on wheels. Irish Travellers are poor, undereducated, and on the receiving end of discrimination. Their life expectancy is lower than average while their infant mortality rate is higher than average. As is the case with the Romani, the Irish Travellers are seen by many as a group of immoral, ignorant criminals and con artists. People distrust their nomadic culture and their language, Shelta. Many think it’s a secret language specifically developed as a tool to help the Irish Travellers trick innocent people. But this is not true. It is an old language, which has evolved with time and circumstances. Once heavily infused with Irish Gaelic, it is now infused with English.
Read the text and complete the gap in the sentences with the words from the text.
… are the two main problems of Irish Travellers.
poverty and racism
racism and a culture
minority and poverty
a culture and acceptance
We end up more .. … than we were at the beginning.
confuse
confused
We still … life on other planets.
hadn’t discovered
won’t discover
didn’t discover
How long … you …
Since I was 17.
did drive
have driven
have been driving
We … for a walk when it … raining.
are going, will stop
will go, stops
will go, will stop
It has allowed many people to set up their own businesses. Some of these people are very young, even under the age of 18.The workplace … increasingly stressful for many people, with longer hours and polluted air in big cities.
becomes
is becoming
The internet offers other alternatives, such as working from home and online shopping. Today you … go out to buy goods or earn money.
don’t have to
haven’t to
The biggest concern about people using the internet is … addicted to it.
got
getting
The Irish Travellers are the largest minority in Ireland. There are about 25,000 Irish Travellers in Ireland and 1,300 in Northern Ireland. They are a little understood nomadic community, who have many difficulties to overcome if they are to survive as a culture and gain acceptance into Irish society. Among the challenges facing them are poverty and racism. The Irish Travellers are a distinct ethnic group which has existed for centuries. Often they are mistakenly considered part of the nomadic Romani, an ethnic group which originated in the region of India and is now widespread throughout Europe. But the Irish Travellers are indigenous to Ireland, so the two cultures are not related. While both are nomadic, the Irish Travellers are Roman Catholic and speak a language that is theirs alone. They have their own culture, customs, traditions, and language. They are noted for their musical and storytelling abilities. In times past, they travelled by horse-drawn wagon in caravans, making camp along the way. Tinsmithing, horse trading and peddling were the major sources of income in those days. Tinsmiths were so prevalent among Irish Travellers that the terms Tinker and Irish Traveller were used interchangeably. Today, Tinker is one of many names for Irish Travellers. Horses and wagons have given way to mobile homes pulled by motor vehicles. They continue their life on the road, but there are fewer places to stop and fewer places where they are welcome. Today, Irish Travellers mainly work in re¬cycling. Changing needs of society and progress have eliminated the jobs that could support a culture on wheels. Irish Travellers are poor, undereducated, and on the receiving end of discrimination. Their life expectancy is lower than average while their infant mortality rate is higher than average. As is the case with the Romani, the Irish Travellers are seen by many as a group of immoral, ignorant criminals and con artists. People distrust their nomadic culture and their language, Shelta. Many think it’s a secret language specifically developed as a tool to help the Irish Travellers trick innocent people. But this is not true. It is an old language, which has evolved with time and circumstances. Once heavily infused with Irish Gaelic, it is now infused with English.
The Irish Travellers are mistakenly taken for the nomadic Romani, another … widely spread in Europe.
ethnic group
distinct group
community
Choose true sentence according to the text. Homemaking…
Every family needs a homemaker. Whether this is the mum or dad, or part-time from both is irrelevant. In our family, we chose the traditional role for me to stay at home, but some families choose the reverse, especially if the woman has the better-paid job. We have actually experienced both since I had to work full-time when my husband was made redundant and stayed at home for a time. The days when the person staying at home to look after the house and family was thought of as being «just a housewife» have long gone, especially now that there is a role reversal and it is sometimes the man who stays home. Nowadays there is a lot of pride in being the «homemaker». It is one of the most worthwhile careers and the rewards, although not financial, are great. The family benefits from quality time from one parent all the time.
is beneficial for the family.
gave someone much freedom.
is hard work with long hours.
How long … you … Kate
had been
did know
have known
WIND ENERGY
Every day you can see the wind blowing and watch all of that wasted energy just floating away. A lot of energy is thought to be (1) … and all you need to use it are a few wind turbines Currently less than 1% of the Earth’s energy needs are (2) … by wind, with Denmark being the most wind-friendly producing 23% of its own energy needs from wind. The energy produced is totally clean and also one of the (3) … around and it is able to produce (4) … 18 times more energy than is consumed in its construction, (5) … nuclear which is estimated at around five. People are often worried about the look of wind farms but what they often forget is that the land can still (6) … for farming, with only 1% of the space being taken up by the wind turbines. One of the biggest (7) … about wind turbines, is their effect on bats and birds. In Norway, nine out of ten sea eagles were killed by turbines. Bats too are a serious problem. Even the manufacturers of wind turbines are (8). concerned by the numbers of bats being. killed, prompting ongoing research.
Read the text and choose the best options to fill in the gap (3).
selected
cheapest
easiest
Choose the right variant
The food that Ann is cooking in the kitchen … delicious.
will smell
smells
is smelling
smelt
Fill in the gaps in the text with the correct forms of the verbs.
You said you … to see me this Christmas.
will come
were coming
come
came
Choose the right variant
While Tom … a book, Marhta … TV.
was reading, was watching
read, was watching
was reading, watched
read, watched
Choose the right variant
When Mark arrived, the Johnsons … dinner, but stopped in order to talk to him.
was having
were having
had been having
had
I … to the cinema but my friend persuaded me to stay.
did not go
was going
am not going
We were good friends, we … each other for years.
had knowing
were knowing
had known
We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We … for more than 24 hours.
were travelling
had been travelling
have travelled
She … at the parcel long enough, before she … that it was for her brother.
had been looking, understood
was looking, understood
had been looking, had understood
In a real life situation it is not easy to start speaking with a complete stranger, a person in power or a child. The internet … your age, class and looks.
hide
hides
Then, the best way to deal with the dilemma is to think about .. … a career counselor.
consulting
consult
What do you think
Yes, I do.
I think we need to target young people
A. … Pascal’s is the best restaurant. The food is delicious.
B. Yes, I agree. The food is great.
I think
What about using
Mr Albert … to meetings.
isn’t go
not go
doesn’t go
Oscar … from home.
sometimes works
sometime work
works sometimes
They … for 20 minutes when his mother came in.
had been talking
were talking
talked
We’re offering interest-free … this month for first-time buyers.
credit
stock
A. … my new camera.
B. Oh dear. I’m sorry to hear that.
I’m afraid I can’t make
I have a problem with
The office … very international.
does
are
do
is
Lunch meetings need to be very quick so I always choose a restaurant that I know will have … service.
local
efficient
This is the employees’ car park so don’t park here. Visitors … park in the visitors’ car park.
shouldn’t
have to
This is the emergency exit so we … put a desk in front of it.
don’t have to
shouldn’t
What time … it …
has happened
had happened
did happen
His grandfather … from his job a year ago.
has retired
retired
was retiring
Dessert: …
ice cream
soup
apple pie
snails
Karina is … but she lives and works in London.
Mexican
Mexico
I … my breakfast.
had
have already had
He … it for an hour before I came.
had been doing
had been done
have been doing
How about a cup of tea
OK. What is it
Yes, please.
Last night I … home at 11. I … supper and then … to bed.
came, had, went
came, have had, went  
have come, had. went
Why don’t you buy a self-study course
OK, I’ll take a look at one.
Yes, there is.
When … in Thailand
have you arrived
did you arrive
A. … credit card details, please
B. It’s a MasterCard. The number is …
What about using
Can I have your
We don’t want to spend too much time getting to the conference venue so let’s choose somewhere with a … location.
convenient
vintage
For business dinners with only five or six people, I like the … atmosphere of our local Japanese restaurant.
medium
cosy
What’s your hotel like
I’m from Italy.
From time to time.
The room is very comfortable.
We’re doing quite well.
I had a very heavy … last month but this month it isn’t too bad.
Workload
work
How’s business
Thank you very much for asking but I’m afraid I can’t make it then.
I mean three to five per cent.
I totally agree.
Help yourself.
We’re having a great year.
Yes, I have. Good to see you again
Pleased to meet you.
Can I speak to Jorge Ramos, please
OK, I’ll take a look at one.
I’m afraid he isn’t in the office today.
Will you … the bank when you go out
pass
have passed
be passing

There’s something I’d like to talk to you about.
OK. What is it
Yes, please.
… he … about the opera before
has spoken
was speaking
had spoken
I … for you for more than one hour.
have been waiting
has waited
was waiting
What did you learn from your last job
I learned how to be patient.
OK, I’ll take a look at one.
It’s raining. … you like to borrow my umbrella
Would
Can

‘The company has its head …. in London,’ he says.
‘I study English every day because I want a job there.’
a living
parent company
move
office
company
opportunities
ladder
a subsidiary
Most supermarkets offer a … scheme with reward points.
loyalty card
warehouse
The room looks very clean … you … it
Do, clean
Have, cleaned
Did, clean
She started her job last year, … April.
at
in
Fawaz makes … as an accountant.
a subsidiary
company
office
opportunities
a living
move
parent company
ladder
Tomorrow at five he … football.
plays
’11 be playing
’11 play
… you … many cities when you were in France.
have visited
are visiting
did visit
And what … now
do you do
are you doing
When I … it … yesterday.
woke up, rained
woke up, was raining
wake up, was raining
Is there a car park
OK. What is it
Yes, there is.
What day suits you?
I think we need to target young people
How about Wednesday
The company … only four people and they all work in one office.
supplies
employs
She’s a very … person – she likes to be on time.
practical
punctual
Do you like football
Yes, I do.
Yes, please
She … her work already.
has finished
finished
hasn’t finished
Now I … for a taxi.
wait
am waiting

I got a good deal when borrowed money to buy my car — I had one year’s …
after-sales guarantee
a big service
interest-free credit
Complete each gap in these short restaurant conversations.
Are there any Chinese dishes
Yes. You should … the duck.
try
recommend
enjoy
like
Main course:...
fish curry
snails
apple pie
steak
ice cream
soup

Main course: …
2-3-4-5
2-4
1-2-4-6
2-3-4
1-2-3-4-6 так ответил
3-5 так ответил крайний
1 apple pie
2 steak
3 fish curry
4 soup
5 snails
6 ice cream

Complete each gap in these short restaurant conversations.
What do you … for the main course
The beef is delicious.
like
enjoy
serve
recommend
Listen Is that Alicia playing She … play the piano very well
can
would
Give me your credit card … and I’ll send your order today
manufacturer
details
In the office, we all …English.
tell
speak
say
Right now, he works in … in Bahrain. He works hard because he wants a promotion. ‘I need more experience’ he says.
opportunities
a subsidiary
a living
ladder
move
company
We … be late for the meeting with the CEO
mightn’t
don’t have to
So when I … university, I … a job in IT.
have finished, has taken
finished, took
was finishing, was taking
My train leaves at 6:00 so I … be at the station before 5:50.
don’t need to
mustn’t
Anya: OK, it’s ten o’clock and everyone’s here. …
Mmm, I don’t know.
It might be a good idea to do both.
I suppose we could do that.
The main purpose of this meeting is to finalise our marketing strategy.
I think we should definitely have print ads.
Can we start, please
I’m afraid that’s out of the question.
Andres, what do you think
Hello, this is Darren speaking. … I help you
Can
Would
He’s hoping for a big career … : a job in the UK.
company
office
a living
parent company
a subsidiary
move
opportunities
ladder
Where are you staying
I’m here to visit my company’s head office.
I play golf.
I work flexible hours, which is great.
I’m staying at the Hilton in the town centre.
Would you like to have dinner with us next Friday evening
We’re having a great year.
Yes, I have. Good to see you again
I totally agree.
Help yourself.
Thank you very much for asking but I’m afraid I can’t make it then.
I mean three to five per cent.
Pleased to meet you.

Please take me to the city …
receipt
fax
centre
booking
… is important with big or heavy products, because you can’t take them home in your car.
After-sales service
Interest-free delivery
Free delivery
When a job comes along, I have to take advantage of the … and accept the work, even if I’m already busy.
life
environment
opportunity
lifestyle
workaholic
deadline
balance
need
Do you want a room with a bath …
Yes, please
Three
Seven o’clock
Where are you from
I’m from Italy.
From time to time.
We’re doing quite well.
The room is very comfortable.
Complete each of the questions
Travellers …
aren’t interested in staying at Yotel
don’t like the rooms
like the rooms
Five years ago, businessman Simon Woodroffe had a good idea. He was in bed in first class on an international flight when he decided to open a hotel. The bed in the aeroplane gave him an idea. He could open a hotel with rooms like the sleeping area in an aeroplane. Now travellers in some of Britain’s airports sleep in these small, low-cost rooms. The rooms are very small, only seven square metres, but they are very convenient. They are in the airport, so travellers who want only a night’s sleep and a shower can save money and travelling time. Woodroffe calls his hotel ‘Yotel’. Each room has a TV, a desk and a shower and costs £50. You can pay £70 for a bigger room that has a couch. Press a button, and the couch changes to a bed. The small rooms are very popular with travellers. Woodroffe thinks he will open more Yotels in city centres.
 Woodroffe thinks Yotel will succeed…
Outside city centres
In city centres, too
Only in airports

Five years ago, businessman Simon Woodroffe had a good idea. He was in bed in first class on an international flight when he decided to open a hotel. The bed in the aeroplane gave him an idea. He could open a hotel with rooms like the sleeping area in an aeroplane. Now travellers in some of Britain’s airports sleep in these small, low-cost rooms. The rooms are very small, only seven square metres, but they are very convenient. They are in the airport, so travellers who want only a night’s sleep and a shower can save money and travelling time. Woodroffe calls his hotel ‘Yotel’. Each room has a TV, a desk and a shower and costs £50. You can pay £70 for a bigger room that has a couch. Press a button, and the couch changes to a bed. The small rooms are very popular with travellers. Woodroffe thinks he will open more Yotels in city centres.
An important feature of the Yotel is convenience.
false
true
What do you like best about your job
We’re doing quite well.
I play golf.
I work flexible hours, which is great.
Between 40 and 50 hours.
Starter: …
1 soup
2 fish curry
3 ice cream
4 snails
5 apple pie
Anya: Lydia, what do you think
Lydia: …
It might be a good idea to do both.
Mmm, I don’t know.
I suppose we could do that.
I think we should definitely have print ads.
Can we start, please
The main purpose of this meeting is to finalise our marketing strategy.
I’m afraid that’s out of the question.
Andres, what do you think
Beatta, this is Layla.
I totally agree.
I mean three to five per cent.
Yes, I have. Good to see you again
Help yourself.
Pleased to meet you.
We’re having a great year.
Thank you very much for asking but I’m afraid I can’t make it then.
We give customers a full … if they return an unused product within 30 days.
refund
guarantee
I don’t print most e-mails because my company is trying to … waste in the office.
raise
reduce
My boss … from Sweden.
Come
Does
comes
am
I don’t like to pay … when I order something. I prefer to pay when I receive the product.
after-sales guarantee
a big deposit
free credit
Is there a direct …
fax
luggage
flight
bill
booking
What do you do in your free time
I work flexible hours, which is great.
We’re doing quite well.
I play golf.
Between 40 and 50 hours.
Five years ago, businessman Simon Woodroffe had a good idea. He was in bed in first class on an international flight when he decided to open a hotel. The bed in the aeroplane gave him an idea. He could open a hotel with rooms like the sleeping area in an aeroplane. Now travellers in some of Britain’s airports sleep in these small, low-cost rooms. The rooms are very small, only seven square metres, but they are very convenient. They are in the airport, so travellers who want only a night’s sleep and a shower can save money and travelling time. Woodroffe calls his hotel ‘Yotel’. Each room has a TV, a desk and a shower and costs £50. You can pay £70 for a bigger room that has a couch. Press a button, and the couch changes to a bed. The small rooms are very popular with travellers. Woodroffe thinks he will open more Yotels in city centres.
Yotels have …
three types of room
two types of room
one type of room
He wants to … a hotel for three nights in Taipei.
take
go
book
do
Can I have an aisle …
seat
booking
bill
luggage
My new camera has …. If it stops working, the maker will repair or replace it.
a three-year guarantee
free deposit
a big credit
A low price is important, but good … will make customers happy, even when a product breaks.
after-sales guarantee
after-sales service
free delivery
Before you get on the plane, you can … some shopping.
take
book
go
do
Complete each gap in these short conversations.
… your job
I’m Director of Advertising.
works
where
what’s
what
The company … around 40 employees.
have
does
has
do
Five years ago, businessman Simon Woodroffe had a good idea. He was in bed in first class on an international flight when he decided to open a hotel. The bed in the aeroplane gave him an idea. He could open a hotel with rooms like the sleeping area i